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Training GPT from Scratch: Loss, Learning, and the Next Token

Chapter 5 connects next-token loss to real parameter updates, then separates training from decoding. My notes on batches, perplexity, validation, sampling, checkpoints, and pretrained GPT-2 weights.

20 Sep 2026 · 6 min read

#llms-from-scratch
#pytorch
#gpt
#llm
#pretraining